Insist upon viewing the dossier when considering an antique or collector car
Importance of Pedigree, Provenance and Continuous History
In our previous article, The Economics of Car Valuations, we discussed some of the factors, generally, that drive the values of antique and collector vehicles. The present article highlights the importance of establishing, maintaining and proving the pedigree, provenance and continuous history of your collector car and assembling such in the vehicle’s dossier (i.e. file of records concerning the vehicle).
If you look at the cars that sell at the top of the market, they all have one thing in common; a noted history that is clear and transparent. In the collector car market, investors and hobbyists have a choice as to what car they buy. While it is true that they will usually buy the prettiest and most correct example that they can afford, they will also weigh the vehicle’s history. A vehicle’s history has always played a role in the value of the vehicle, but it has only been as of late that the vehicle’s history has played a tremendous role in the value of antique and collector vehicles.
If you are looking to purchase an antique car or expensive collector car insist on viewing the dossier which should include records, names of previous owners and services and restorations that the vehicle received.
If you are looking to sell your antique or collector car then it is incumbent upon you to document your vehicle and create the type of dossier of records that the buyers today are insisting upon.
What should be in the dossier?
At a minimum, the dossier should include a sheet of paper listing all of the important production notes and numbers of the vehicle. Ideally, there would be a binder or computer file containing photographs and narrative decoding of the various components and numbers on the vehicle. The file may also include pre-restoration photographs as well as restoration photographs and photographs of the vehicle with awards it has earned or notable places where it has been invited or displayed. Receipts and notes concerning the service performed on the vehicle should be included as should any affidavits of former owners.
The area in which most dossiers are deficient is with respect to historical documents, previous ownership and service records and notes. Attention to this subject is most important. Every vehicle has a story to tell, it is your job as the vehicle’s current custodian/caretaker to preserve that story for future generations. That is, in a sense what the dossier is, is it not?
Continuous History
The notion of Continuous History was first announced by Mr. Justice Otton in the case of Old Bentley Number One (Hubbard vs. Middlebridge Scimitar Ltd.) in the High Court of Justice – Queen’s Bench Division, Royal Courts of Justice, London in 1990. From that day forth in 1990, it became clear to everyone involved with Bentley Speed Sixes, in order for a car offered for sale to be described as a Speed Six, it was now essential that the vehicle be accompanied by a continuous history.
What is continuous history when it comes to antique and collector vehicles?
Continuous history is, according to the Courts in London, a full, unbroken and authentic set of documents which identify in a reliable manner who has owned the car, the uses that it has been put to and a description of its service history and any restoration, rebuilding or reconstruction work that the car has experienced throughout its life since originally leaving the factory.
The case of Brewer v. Mann ([2010] EWHC 2444 (QB)) demonstrated why continuous history documentation of a Bentley Speed Six is so important, however the importance was transportable to all other antique and collector cars. In Brewer v. Mann, the car had two significant features (or flaws) that made it essential for the description to be more detailed than simply stating that the car was a Speed Six car. These features (or flaws) were that the engine was not a Speed Six engine (i.e. non original engine) and the only surviving part of the original car was a small section of the chassis. There was also a lack of a continuous history for the years between 1930 and 1981 even though, during that period, the car had been completely reconstructed. Thus, there was no way that the car could be authenticated as a Speed Six or, indeed as a vintage Bentley.
In consequence, it was particularly important that the contractual description accurately described all the significant changes that occurred during the car’s lifetime and the seller found some way in which to authenticate those changes or stated in the description that they were not capable of being supported by a continuous history. The need for full documentary evidence of the relevant history of a Speed Six or any other collector vehicle is highlighted by the increased valuation placed upon the vehicle by auction goers and appraisers.
In sum, it is crucial that collector car owners establish dossiers for the cars they own and insist upon reviewing the dossier for cars that they are considering purchasing. Ultimately, the industry and all collectors should strive to have a documented continuous history for every collector car, no matter the importance or perceived value 0f that particular car.
Attorney Bryan W. Shook is not only a devoted automotive enthusiast, but is also an experience litigator who devotes a large portion of his law practice to helping other collectors and hobbyists understand today’s market and protect their automotive investments. Attorney Bryan W. Shook is a seasoned automotive collector and restorer and as such brings real world experience and firsthand knowledge to the table for his clients throughout the world. Although Bryan Shook is headquartered in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania (close proximity to Carlisle and Hershey), Attorney Bryan Shook is available anywhere for consultation, advice, and information, most times, on as short as a day’s notice. If you’d like more information about this topic or would like to speak with Attorney Bryan W. Shook please email him at BShook@shooklegal.com or by phone at 717-884-9010. More information can be found at Http://www.vintagecarlaw.com.
Vehicle Identification Numbers
Vehicle Identification Numbers
(What are they; where are they found and why are they important?)
What is a Vehicle Identification Number?
A Vehicle Identification Number also commonly known by its acronym “VIN” is the unique identifying serial number of a motor vehicle. Manufacturers of vehicle have assigned unique identifying numbers to their vehicles since the dawn of the automobiles however early forms of vehicle identification numbers were usually very short (three of four numbers) and usually found stamped in the engine block or on a small brass plate on the frame of body of the vehicle. The process of identifying vehicles by their engine numbers started early on but a problem quickly arose when an engine had to be replaced. This problem however was not rectified until approximately 1954. Starting in approximately 1955 US auto manufacturers began using unique Vehicle Identification Numbers to uniquely identify all US built automobiles. The compelling force behind this change in practice was a desire to work with law enforcement and state’s DMVs to reduce the amount and opportunity for VIN fraud and stolen vehicle trafficking. Prior to 1954, vehicles were identified by body number, chassis number, serial number or engine number. One can imagine how confusing this would have been and how great the potential for fraud would have been.
A VIN is the DNA of a vehicle, that is to say it is the unique identifier of every vehicle. The VIN is the number by which s vehicle is registered and titled. Decoding a VIN can tell you many things including when the vehicle was built, the model of the vehicle, the assembly plant and possibly even the original engine displacement. Since a VIN plays such an important role in the identity of a vehicle, much fraud has arisen over the years surrounding VINs.
Where are VINs located and how can I tell if the VIN on my car is the correct VIN?
Since the beginnings of automotive production the engines, bodies and usually the frames of vehicles have been assigned identification numbers usually in a serialized fashion. Beginning with the 1970 model year, nearly all vehicles produced for sale in the United States have had the VIN placed in at least three distinct locations.
- Public VIN (since January 1, 1968 visible through the windshield)
In the United States, the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 (effective January 1, 1968) mandated certain safety requirements on vehicles to be sold in the USA such as side marker lights, safety belts and Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN) visible on the dash through the windshield. This is VIN location has come to be known as the “public VIN” and is probably the VIN that you are most familiar with.
- Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Certification Sticker (since August 31, 1969 found in the door jamb or on the door)
Starting with all vehicles manufactured after August 31, 1969, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (“FMVSS”) certification sticker was required to be affixed to the vehicle which also included the VIN of the vehicle. Effective January 1, 1972, the sticker also had to include gross vehicle weight (“GVWR”) information on the certification label. On Chevrolet models from the 1970s, this sticker is blue and is found on the driver’s door.
- Hidden or Confidential VIN
VINs have been stamped into frames of vehicles for many years, however the process became more uniform starting approximately during the 1968 model year. The VIN was stamped into various metal objects on the vehicle, including the frame, the body, the engine, transmission and other places. The VIN on the frame or the body became known as the Hidden VIN, the Confidential VIN or the Federal VIN. This number is usually not a full, complete VIN but a derivative thereof. The sequential production number of the hidden VIN should match the sequential production number (the last five or six digits) of the Public VIN and if the vehicle was produced after August 31, 1969, the FMVSS certification sticker. The VIN on the engine and transmission would have also been a derivative of the VIN and it too should match the Public VIN provided that the engine and/or transmission is original.
Why are VINs so important?
A vehicle’s identification number is very important as it is the only unique identifier a vehicle possesses and accordingly its integrity and validity must be established and preserved. This is especially true with collectible vehicles given their inherent and actual values. When you look a vehicle for potential purchase, you must view the VIN in as many of the locations as you reasonable are able to view it. Start with the public VIN and see if it is consistent with other examples of the year, make and model; ensure that it has not been tampered with or affixed in such a way as to make it not appear as original. If the public VIN is missing, loose or appears tampered with in any way, contact a marque specialist and attempt to locate the hidden or confidential VIN for the vehicle to ensure the public VIN is the proper VIN.
What if the Confidential VIN and the Public VIN do not match?
If the confidential VIN and the public VIN do not match, you have a major problem which needs to be addressed professionally and legally. In short, if the public and confidential VINs contradict one another, you have an unsalable vehicle with a title defect; specifically you have a vehicle which purports to have two identities. Common reasons for the two not to match are that the vehicle itself is stolen or was stolen or salvaged in the past and another VIN (a good clean VIN) was affixed in the public location to make the vehicle appear as though it was “clean” when in reality it was not. Another reason for the two VINs not to match is that the vehicle was rebuilt from several other vehicles. If a vehicle has been rebuilt and bears two VINs that can be a problem as this is the usual excuse that is given when a vehicle has been “re-tagged” to disguise a title problem or a former theft; much scrutiny must be employed in this instance. When the Confidential VIN and the Public VIN do not match it may also be an instance of a “rebody”. A “rebody” is a vehicle which has had the body replaced and the VIN of the original vehicle affixed to the “donor” body. The legal issues surrounding rebodied vehicles are explored in another article.
Many laws have been enacted to protect the integrity of the VIN. Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 511, the alteration of a VIN, could be a federal criminal offense. Further, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 2321 whoever buys, receives, possesses, or obtains control of, with intent to sell or otherwise dispose of, a motor vehicle or motor vehicle part, knowing that an identification number for such motor vehicle or part has been removed, obliterated, tampered with, or altered, could be fined or imprisoned for up to ten years. Similarly, Pennsylvania’s statutes also address this matter. Specifically, 18 P.S. § 1.4(a) states that a person who alters, counterfeits, defaces, destroys, disguises, falsifies, forges, obliterates or removes a vehicle identification number with the intent to conceal or misrepresent the identity or prevent the identification of a motor vehicle or motor vehicle part commits a felony of the third degree and, upon conviction, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than seven years or a fine of not more than $50,000. Further, and most concerning is that pursuant to 18 P.S. § 1.4(b) any person who purchases, receives, disposes, sells, transfers or possesses a motor vehicle or motor vehicle part with knowledge that the vehicle identification number of the motor vehicle or motor vehicle part has been altered, counterfeited, defaced, destroyed, disguised, falsified, forged, obliterated or removed with the intent to conceal or misrepresent the identity or prevent the identification of a motor vehicle or motor vehicle part commits a felony of the third degree and, upon conviction, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than seven years or a fine of not more than $50,000, or both.
In laymen’s terms the VIN of a vehicle must be preserved and protected and if you are in possession of a vehicle with a VIN or VIN tag or VIN plate which has been altered, removed and replaced or otherwise tampered with you could face serious civil and criminal offenses. The best advice is to contact an attorney at once who can analyze your situation and assist you with identifying your legal options.
Attorney Bryan W. Shook is not only a devoted automotive enthusiast, but is also an experience litigator who devotes a large portion of his law practice to helping other collectors and hobbyists understand today’s market and protect their automotive investments. Attorney Bryan W. Shook is a seasoned automotive collector and restorer and as such brings real world experience and firsthand knowledge to the table for his clients throughout the world. Although Bryan Shook is headquartered in central Pennsylvania (close proximity to Carlisle and Hershey), Attorney Bryan Shook is available anywhere for consultation, advice, and information, most times, on as short as a day’s notice. If you’d like more information about this topic or would like to speak with Attorney Bryan W. Shook please email him at BShook@shooklegal or by phone at 717-884-9010. More information can be found at Http://www.vintagecarlaw.com.
Benefits of Using an Attorney as an Escrow Agent to Protect Yourself in a Collector Car Sale or Transaction
Benefits of using an attorney as an escrow agent to protect yourself in a collector car transaction
By: Bryan W. Shook, Esquire
Email: bshook@shooklegal.com
Using an attorney to act as an escrow agent is one of the most effective ways to safeguard yourself from the pitfalls of buying vehicles sight unseen from far away locations. In a perfect world collector car transactions would all be “above board” and transparent however as we all know this, unfortunately is not always the case. That screaming deal on eBay or Craigslist may be a great deal, but it may also be the biggest mistake you make this year. There are many hazards upon which a prospective buyer may happen, although most happen with the consummation of the sale, especially if the vehicle is not viewed, in person, by the buyer.
How can using an attorney as an escrow agent help protect you in a collector car transaction?
An attorney as an escrow agent has more inherent safeties as opposed to using a broker. Attorneys are regulated by their state’s bar association or their state’s supreme court. Brokers are usually not regulated at all and only subject to their state’s vehicle board, if regulated at all. Money placed into an attorney’s escrow account is subject to strict accounting oversight and may only be paid out with the client’s consent and agreement.
As an attorney familiar with the nuances and pitfalls of collector car transactions I can offer many safeguarding services, professionally, discreetly and unobtrusively to preserve the transaction and yet protect you the client throughout the sale.
I offer the following services:
- Pre-Purchase Inspection Review
- In-person auction assistance to both bidders and sellers
- Escrow Agent
- Sales Contract Drafting/Review
- Private Treaty Sales (start to finish)
- Independent evaluation of title documents prior to consummation of sale
- Vehicle research, including verification of provenance and pedigree
- Forensic investigatory services (number & stamp investigation, make and model investigation, production anomalies, etc.)
- Powers of Attorney
- Import/Export
- Competing Claims of Ownership
- Title Defense
- Help safeguard against misrepresentations and fraud
By utilizing my services, you are not only protecting yourself in the transaction, but you are also making a further investment in the value of your purchase.
Bid with knowledge. Buy with confidence.
Attorney Bryan W. Shook is not only a devoted automotive enthusiast, but is also an experience litigator who devotes a large portion of his law practice to helping other collectors and hobbyists understand today’s market and protect their automotive investments. Attorney Bryan W. Shook is a seasoned automotive collector and restorer and as such brings real world experience and firsthand knowledge to the table for his clients throughout the world. Although Bryan Shook is headquartered in central Pennsylvania (close proximity to Carlisle and Hershey), Attorney Bryan Shook is available anywhere for consultation, advice, and information, most times, on as short as a day’s notice. If you’d like more information about this topic or would like to speak with Attorney Bryan W. Shook please email him at BShook@shooklegal.com or by phone at 717-884-9010 More information can be found at Http://www.vintagecarlaw.com.
Mid Atlantic Regional NCRS Meet – Gettysburg, PA – May 6-9-2010
NCRS REGIONAL MEET IN GETTYSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA SCHEDULED FOR MAY 6-8, 2010
By: Bryan W. Shook, Esquire
Email: bshook@shooklegal.com
Call all Corvette enthusiasts, after a long winter’s wait, the Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the National Corvette Restorers Society is hosting the Gettysburg Regional NCRS Meet on May 6-8, 2010. This is a can’t miss event for East Coast Corvette Enthusiasts.
Several special vehicles are scheduled to be on display including a low mileage, all original, Polo Green, 1994 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 formerly of the Chip Miller Collection. The car’s current owner, Andrew Saft of Harrisburg, is proud to offer this important ZR1 for flight judging. Corvettes released from the prized Chip Miller Collection have been known throughout the hobby for years for their quality, provenance and pedigree. This NCRS appearance represents a coming out of sorts for the current Saft Collection ZR1. While ANY ZR1 is exciting both to see and drive, this particular all original ZR1 is sure to please the spectators and enthusiasts that get an opportunity to view it at the 2010 Mid-Atlantic Regional Meet next week.
The NCRS flight process is not a process to be taken lightly, only the best cars are awarded flight awards and any owner who leaves Gettysburg with such an award has surely added much deserved province to his or her beloved Corvette. Best of Luck!
Attorney Bryan W. Shook is not only a devoted automotive enthusiast, but is also an experience litigator who devotes a large portion of his law practice to helping other collectors and hobbyists understand today’s market. Attorney Bryan Shook is available throughout the United States for consultation, advice, and information. If you’d like more information about this topic or would like to speak with Attorney Bryan W. Shook please email him at BShook@shooklegal.com.
NCRS # 51181
Bid with knowledge. Buy with confidence. – Vintage Car Law
Estate Sale of Important Cars Nets Nearly $500,000.00
30+ Antique Cars Sell for $494,400.00 at Rural
Pennsylvania Sale
By: Bryan W. Shook, Esquire
Email: bshook@shooklegal.com
Estate Sale – Allen Shaffer, Esquire
April 24, 2010 – Millersburg, Pennsylvania
Allen Shaffer, a well respected local attorney recently passed away and this past Saturday the majority of his car collection came to sale. Over thirty lots were offered with no reserve, no bidder registration charges and with no buyers premium.
By the mid afternoon, all of the vehicles had been sold and the proceeds realized were just about $500,000.00 from the sale of the vehicles.
Here are the results along with the comments of Bryan W. Shook who personally attended the sale.
|
Year |
Make |
Model/Type |
Comments |
Price |
|
1931 |
Ford |
Model T – 5 -Window Coupe |
$19,000.00 |
|
|
1981 |
Delorean |
$20,000.00 |
||
|
1923 |
Buick |
Touring |
bad water pump – lower hose disconnected & pump corroded |
$18,000.00 |
|
1949 |
Studebaker |
Commander convertible |
Nicely Restored |
$25,000.00 |
|
1917 |
Maxwell |
Touring |
Restored 10yrs ago – didn’t run at time of sale |
$17,000.00 |
|
1925 |
Nash |
2dr Sedan |
Nicely Restored |
$11,000.00 |
|
1915 |
Ford |
Model T |
$13,000.00 |
|
|
1925 |
Nash |
Touring |
Great Condition, very nice car |
$20,000.00 |
|
1913 |
Buick |
Touring |
No Title – Yet |
$28,000.00 |
|
1929 |
Lincoln |
7 Passenger Phaeton |
$65,000.00 |
|
|
1910 |
Buick |
Run-a-bout Roadster |
$20,000.00 |
|
|
1908 |
International |
High-Wheeler |
Nice Original – found in barn in New Bloomfield, Perry County, Pa in mid 1940s |
$19,000.00 |
|
1953 |
Ford |
F100 |
Titled as 1954 – OHV I6 |
$15,500.00 |
|
1906 |
Cadillac |
Tulip Roadster |
$54,000.00 |
|
|
1954 |
Ford |
Crestline 4dr |
Needed work & carpeting |
$8,000.00 |
|
1917 |
Studebaker |
Touring |
Nice older restoration |
$23,500.00 |
|
1962 |
Studebaker |
Lark convertible |
$7,500.00 |
|
|
1927 |
Ford |
Coupe |
$8,000.00 |
|
|
1972 |
Chevrolet |
Impala convertible |
Shoddy Repaint – overspray evident, poorly masked |
$9,000.00 |
|
1918 |
Stanley |
Steamer Touring |
$46,000.00 |
|
|
1976 |
Lincoln |
Continental |
$1,600.00 |
|
|
1922 |
Dodge |
Touring |
3 owners from new, had side window curtains – very nice potential |
$9,000.00 |
|
1976 |
Buick |
LeSabre |
$1,300.00 |
|
|
1922 |
Whippet |
4dr sedan |
$9,000.00 |
|
|
1999 |
Ford |
F150 pickup truck |
6cyl 4wd |
$8,000.00 |
|
1951 |
Kaiser |
4dr sedan |
No Title |
$5,000.00 |
|
1965 |
Chevrolet |
Corvair |
Possible missing VIN Plate??? Total Mess |
$1,800.00 |
|
1951 |
Henry J |
Corsair Deluxe |
Cooling Issue |
$8,500.00 |
|
1969 |
AMC |
Rebel SST 4dr Sedan |
6cyl – Very Nice Original |
$1,200.00 |
|
1958 |
Mercedes |
190D – 4dr |
Project car with good parts, some trim, but hood wouldn’t open |
$500.00 |
|
1991 |
Yugo |
“Needs Fuel Pump” |
$2,000.00 |
|
Total Sales: $494,400.00
|
|
As one can surmise from the results listed above, the sales prices were fairly reflective of the market today. While the auction was largely under promoted, collectors, brokers and dealers showed up from several states including, Ohio, New York, Connecticut, Maryland and New Jersey to bid on and buy cars and automobilia from this great collection.
Most of the cars in the collection were operational and nearly all of them presented very well. The cars purchased from this collection are sure to be coveted pieces in future collections. While higher prices may have been realized had an auction house such as Carlisle Auctions, RM Auctions, Bonhams or Goodling offered the vehicles, this sale proves that not all collections must be sold through a large auction venue to achieve market value results.
Attorney Bryan W. Shook is not only a devoted automotive enthusiast, but is also an experience litigator who devotes a large portion of his law practice to helping other collectors and hobbyists understand today’s market. Attorney Bryan Shook is available throughout the United States for consultation, advice, and information. If you’d like more information or would like to speak with Attorney Bryan W. Shook please email him at BShook@shooklegal.com.
Bid with knowledge. Buy with confidence. – Vintage Car Law
